NAD+: peptide of the week

What is NAD+?

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is not a peptide but a coenzyme present in every living cell.

How it works

It carries electrons in the reactions that turn nutrients into energy and is required by enzymes such as sirtuins and PARPs that are involved in DNA repair.

What researchers are studying

• ●Declining NAD+ levels with age
• ●Precursors such as NR and NMN in human trials
• ●Mitochondrial function

Where the evidence stands: Most human research uses oral precursors (NR, NMN) rather than NAD+ itself. Not approved by the FDA as a drug.

Recent peer-reviewed research

1. Interferon-induced senescent CD8(+) T cells reduce anti-PD1 immunotherapy efficacy in early triple-negative breast cancer
   Science translational medicine · 2025 Sep 10 · PubMed ↗
2. Serine synthesis sustains macrophage IL-1β production via NAD(+)-dependent protein acetylation
   Molecular cell · 2024 Feb 15 · PubMed ↗
3. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase prompts bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by driving macrophage M2 polarization in mice
   Theranostics · 2024 · PubMed ↗

New lab results that week

• BPC-157 10mg · Mile High Compounds · ChromateView report ↗