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SS-31 vs MOTS-c

Key differences, research and prices — side by side.

The key difference

Both relate to mitochondria. SS-31 (elamipretide) is a synthetic peptide that binds cardiolipin inside mitochondria and received FDA accelerated approval in 2025 for Barth syndrome. MOTS-c is a naturally occurring peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA, studied mostly in animal metabolism research.

SS-31MOTS-c
What it isSS-31 (elamipretide) is a small synthetic tetrapeptide designed to concentrate inside mitochondria, the energy-producing structures of cells.MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA — one of a small family of “mitochondrial-derived peptides.”
How it worksIt binds cardiolipin, a lipid in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which is thought to help stabilize the machinery that produces cellular energy.Research indicates it can move to the cell nucleus under stress and influence genes involved in metabolism, partly through the AMPK energy-sensing pathway.
Research areas
  • •Mitochondrial disease, including Barth syndrome
  • •Heart failure and kidney injury models
  • •Age-related decline in muscle function
  • •Exercise capacity and muscle metabolism in mice
  • •Cellular stress responses
  • •Age-related metabolic changes
EvidenceHuman clinical studiesMostly animal & lab studies
Regulatory statusElamipretide has been studied in human clinical trials and received FDA accelerated approval in 2025 for Barth syndrome, a rare mitochondrial disease.Not approved by the FDA. Human research is at an early stage.
Research areaMitochondrialMitochondrial
SequenceD-Arg-2,6-dimethylTyr-Lys-Phe-NH2MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR
Lowest price$2.94/mg →$2.97/mg →
Tested vendors22
Third-party lab results6 COAs5 COAs

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Educational comparison of published research — not medical advice, and not a recommendation of either compound. Prices are for reference only. Compounds referenced are sold by third parties for laboratory research use only and are not for human consumption.