What is NAD+?
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is not a peptide but a coenzyme present in every living cell.
How does NAD+ work?
It carries electrons in the reactions that turn nutrients into energy and is required by enzymes such as sirtuins and PARPs that are involved in DNA repair.
What are researchers studying?
- ●Declining NAD+ levels with age
- ●Precursors such as NR and NMN in human trials
- ●Mitochondrial function
Where does the evidence stand?
Most human research uses oral precursors (NR, NMN) rather than NAD+ itself. Not approved by the FDA as a drug.
Quick facts
- Research area
- Longevity
- Also known as
- NAD
- Third-party lab results
- 5 published COAs →
- Tested vendors tracking it
- 2 vendors →
Recent peer-reviewed research
The most relevant NAD+ studies from the last three years, via PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine).
- Interferon-induced senescent CD8(+) T cells reduce anti-PD1 immunotherapy efficacy in early triple-negative breast cancerScience translational medicine · 2025 Sep 10 · PubMed ↗
- Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase prompts bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by driving macrophage M2 polarization in miceTheranostics · 2024 · PubMed ↗
- Serine synthesis sustains macrophage IL-1β production via NAD(+)-dependent protein acetylationMolecular cell · 2024 Feb 15 · PubMed ↗
- NLRC5 senses NAD(+) depletion, forming a PANoptosome and driving PANoptosis and inflammationCell · 2024 Jul 25 · PubMed ↗
- Targeting endothelial glycolytic reprogramming by tsRNA-1599 for ocular anti-angiogenesis therapyTheranostics · 2024 · PubMed ↗
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This guide summarizes published research for educational purposes only. It is not medical advice and does not describe how to use NAD+. Citations link to PubMed and are listed for reference — we haven't reviewed or endorsed their findings. Products referenced on The Peptide Audit are sold by third parties for laboratory research use only and are not for human consumption.